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DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijre.v8.i9.1
Syed Feroze Ahamed
Asst. Professor
Anjuman-E-Islam’s
Nehru Arts Science and Commerce College, Ganthikeri, Hubli, Karnataka-580020
Orcid id https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7200-9631
Abstract— Plant cell, tissue, and organ culture systems have emerged as a dependable biotechnological route for the commercial-scale generation of high-value plant materials, including pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, elite clonal planting stock, and specialty biomass. The productivity of such systems is governed fundamentally by the developmental trajectory of cultured cells, namely the transitions between dedifferentiation, callogenesis, organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis, and by the biochemical signalling that accompanies these transitions. This paper examines how cellular developmental responses to nutritional, hormonal, and physical culture parameters can be manipulated to enhance biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite yield in economically significant species. A structured experimental framework combining explant selection, hormonal optimization, elicitation, and bioreactor scale-up is presented, and the resulting biomass, metabolite, and genetic fidelity data are analyzed against the applied methodology. The findings indicate that a combined auxin-cytokinin regime supplemented with methyl jasmonate elicitation produces the most favourable balance between growth rate and secondary metabolite titre, while somatic embryogenesis-based propagation offers the greatest genetic stability for long-term commercial multiplication. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating developmental biology insights into industrial bioprocess design.
Keywords— plant cell culture, somatic embryogenesis, secondary metabolites, elicitation, bioreactor scale-up, commercial propagation
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