Certificate: View Certificate
Published Paper PDF: View PDF
Confirmation Letter: View
DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijre.v15.i6.1
Dr Mehak Arora
Assistant Professor of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab
Sukhpreet Kaur
Postgraduate in Psychology
Department of Psychology
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab
Abstract— The study focuses on the differences in self-efficacy and anxiety in older people living in old age homes and in elderly people living with their families in India. Aging is accompanied by biological, psychological and social changes that have a great impact on the state of psychological well-being, therefore residence is also a major determinant of living. Using the Self-Efficacy Theory of Bandura and Cognitive Theory of Anxiety of Beck, the participants negotiating the study were 100 subjects aged 60 years and above as tested with General Self-Efficacy Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Results showed that older adults who were residing with their families had much greater self-efficacy and reduced anxiety than those who were staying in old age homes. There was also a weak yet significant negative association between self-efficacy and anxiety. These findings underscore the well-defending effect of family support on fostering psychological resilience. The research highlights the necessity of enhancing community care systems, and emotional environments in old age homes to enhance healthy aging in India. Keywords: self-efficacy, anxiety, mental health of the elderly, institutional care, living arrangements.
References
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2),
- 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
- Aruna, R., Venkatesan, J., & Sathiyasekaran, B. W. C. (2011). A study on morbidity profile of elderly in a rural population of Tamil Nadu. Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics, 7(3), 124–128.
- Atchley, R. C. (1989). A continuity theory of normal aging. The Gerontologist, 29(2), 183–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/29.2.183
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
- https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall.
- Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00024 Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Hoeber.
- Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
- Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.165
- Chaudhari, S., Bansal, P., & Shrivastava, A. (2022). A study of anxiety disorders among elderly residents of old age homes in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health, 9(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_16_22 Cumming, E., & Henry, W. E. (1961). Growing old: The process of disengagement. Basic Books.
- Erikson, E. H. (1997). The life cycle completed. W. W. Norton. Freud, S. (1926). Inhibitions, symptoms and anxiety. Hogarth Press.
- Ghassemzadeh, H., Mojtabai, R., Karamghadiri, N., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2002). Neurobiological models of anxiety: A review. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 8(3), 12–25.
- Hemavathi, P., & Sawroopa, S. (2012). A comparative study of elderly living in old age homes and within family setup. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 1(12), 4–6.
- Jerusalem, M., & Schwarzer, R. (1995). General Self-Efficacy Scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson.
- Kim, H. K., & Lee, S. (2014). The influence of living arrangements and intergenerational support on the life satisfaction of older adults: A comparative study of Korea and Japan. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 69B(3), 222–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt046
- Luszczynska, A., Scholz, U., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). The General Self-Efficacy Scale: Multicultural validation studies. The Journal of Psychology, 139(5), 439–457. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.5.439-457
- Mowrer, O. H. (1960). Learning theory and behavior. Wiley.
- Nutt, D. J., & Malizia, A. L. (2001). New insights into the role of the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor in psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179(5), 390–396. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.5.390 Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2000). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2304_2
- Rahman K. (2019). Mental health among elderly in family versus institutional care settings: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1(2), 75-81. Šare, S., Ljubičić, M., Gusar, I., Čanović, S., & Konjevoda, S. (2021). Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Depression in Older People in Nursing Homes. Healthcare, 9(8), 1035. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34442172/
- Suresh, A., Rajkumar, D., & Prasad, G. (2021). Prevalence of anxiety among elderly residing in old age homes of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 36(11), 1725–1732. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5605